The adoption of electric commercial vehicles presents several challenges for fleet managers. One of the significant challenges of adopting EVs is the limited charging infrastructure. Unlike traditional fuel stations, electric vehicle charging stations are not as prevalent, which makes it difficult for fleet managers to find convenient and reliable charging options.  In addition, the charging time for electric vehicles is significantly longer when compared to refueling with gasoline or diesel, which can impact the overall productivity and efficiency of the fleet. Another challenge is range anxiety. Electric commercial vehicles typically have a limited range, and fleet managers should carefully plan routes and schedules to ensure that electric commercial vehicles do not run out of charge while on the road.   Furthermore, the high upfront cost of electric commercial vehicles can be a barrier for fleet managers. While the long-term cost savings from reduced fuel and maintenance expenses are substantial, the initial investment required to purchase EVs can be prohibitive for some businesses, especially smaller ones.